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廣西積極發展林下混合農業 |
作者:jess 文章來源:網絡 更新時間:2015/11/17 15:44:05 |
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廣西各地林(lin)(lin)下套(tao)種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)作物面(mian)積250多萬(wan)畝,初步統計增加(jia)農(nong)(nong)業產值12.5億(yi)元(yuan)以(yi)上,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果園林(lin)(lin)下套(tao)種(zhong)面(mian)積185萬(wan)畝,林(lin)(lin)下套(tao)種(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥材45萬(wan)畝,林(lin)(lin)下栽培食用菌8萬(wan)畝,林(lin)(lin)下畜禽養(yang)殖也有較(jiao)大幅度發(fa)展。各地農(nong)(nong)民(min)群眾在(zai)林(lin)(lin)下混(hun)(hun)合(he)農(nong)(nong)業開(kai)發(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)取得了(le)實實在(zai)在(zai)的效(xiao)益,農(nong)(nong)業部門也在(zai)林(lin)(lin)下混(hun)(hun)合(he)農(nong)(nong)業開(kai)發(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得到(dao)了(le)啟(qi)發(fa),開(kai)拓了(le)農(nong)(nong)業增產、農(nong)(nong)民(min)增收(shou)的新路子(zi)。 林(lin)下混合農業開發的主要模(mo)式有:林(lin)—果、林(lin)—菜、林(lin)—藥、林(lin)—菌、林(lin)—牧等。 ——果樹林木套種(zhong)(zhong)農作(zuo)(zuo)物。全區(qu)利用果園套種(zhong)(zhong)農作(zuo)(zuo)物面積185萬(wan)畝以上(shang)(shang),效益(yi)顯著(zhu)。主要(yao)典型樣板有:桂林市(shi)雁山區(qu)、永福縣、臨(lin)桂縣等(deng)地幼林果樹間(jian)套種(zhong)(zhong)馬鈴薯、瓜類、蔬菜(cai)與豆(dou)類作(zuo)(zuo)物;靈川(chuan)(chuan)縣梨樹秋冬季套種(zhong)(zhong)蔬菜(cai)、馬鈴薯等(deng),每畝可新(xin)增農業產值800元(yuan)以上(shang)(shang)。靈川(chuan)(chuan)縣的葡萄園下(xia)套種(zhong)(zhong)其他(ta)作(zuo)(zuo)物模式,實現(xian)畝產值2萬(wan)元(yuan)以上(shang)(shang)。 ——幼齡林地套(tao)種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)作物。北海、欽州等市在桉(an)樹幼林林地里套(tao)種(zhong)南瓜(gua)、紅薯、木薯、黃(huang)豆等,使幼林地里增(zeng)加了農(nong)(nong)業收(shou)入,促進(jin)了樹苗的生長,每畝可增(zeng)收(shou)200~300元。 ——成林(lin)(lin)(lin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)套種食用菌。靈山(shan)、浦北兩縣(xian)林(lin)(lin)(lin)下培植(zhi)紅(hong)椎菌,藤(teng)(teng)縣(xian)在林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)培育紅(hong)菇,成為(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)區農民(min)致富增(zeng)收的一個新增(zeng)長(chang)點(dian)。靈山(shan)縣(xian)武利(li)鎮碰(peng)垌隊有紅(hong)椎林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)面積800多(duo)畝(mu),林(lin)(lin)(lin)齡40多(duo)年,當地(di)(di)農民(min)引進科(ke)學培植(zhi)方(fang)法套種紅(hong)椎菌,年產(chan)干菌3000多(duo)公斤,年產(chan)值超100萬元。藤(teng)(teng)縣(xian)共勝村利(li)用林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)種植(zhi)本地(di)(di)特產(chan)紅(hong)菇,去(qu)年1000畝(mu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)的紅(hong)菇產(chan)值達400多(duo)萬元。 ——林(lin)下(xia)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蔭(yin)生中(zhong)藥(yao)材。我區(qu)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)藥(yao)材具有喜蔭(yin)生長(chang)習性,適宜林(lin)蔭(yin)下(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。田林(lin)縣林(lin)下(xia)年種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)靈芝(zhi)2.2萬袋;那(nei)坡縣林(lin)地套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蔭(yin)生藥(yao)材近3萬畝,形成“八角林(lin)+大(da)肉姜(jiang)、芭蕉(jiao)芋”、“肉桂(gui)林(lin)+砂仁”、“水(shui)源林(lin)+草果”等(deng)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)模式(shi)。其中(zhong)規六村去(qu)年在水(shui)源林(lin)下(xia)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草果2780多畝,目前已投產1350畝,年產量達9.5萬公斤,年產值228萬元,戶均增收2萬元以(yi)上(shang)。融安(an)縣與(yu)廣西藥(yao)用植(zhi)物園(yuan)合作開(kai)發的(de)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)模式(shi)林(lin)下(xia)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),也取得了非常好的(de)效益。 ――林下養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)禽(qin)畜(chu)模式(shi)(shi)。我區畜(chu)牧部門創(chuang)新推(tui)廣的(de)林下養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)模式(shi)(shi),利(li)(li)用林下空間種植(zhi)牧草,飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)牲口,或直接放(fang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)禽(qin)類,也取得(de)十分顯著的(de)成效。藤縣利(li)(li)用林下養(yang)(yang)(yang)雞產值(zhi)約(yue)4.05億(yi)元,林下養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂產值(zhi)約(yue)500萬元,林下養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)產值(zhi)約(yue)占(zhan)全縣農業(ye)總產值(zhi)的(de)10%。藤縣滕州鎮沙田村(cun)農民(min)梁少熹去年(nian)(nian)在15畝林地(di)里放(fang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)三黃雞9000多只,養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)肉豬300頭(tou),建起30立方米的(de)沼氣池(chi),利(li)(li)用沼液沼渣種有機蔬菜,年(nian)(nian)純(chun)收(shou)入達(da)20萬元以上。 |