![]() ![]() |
土豆環腐病防治方法 |
作者:劉亞琪 文章來源:網絡 更新時間:2015/9/11 17:13:52 |
|
危害(hai)(hai)癥狀:為(wei)害(hai)(hai)馬(ma)鈴薯的(de)(de)維(wei)管束(shu)組(zu)織,造成死曲、死株,甚至引起爛窖。受害(hai)(hai)植(zhi)株生(sheng)長(chang)遲(chi)緩,節間縮(suo)短,瘦弱,分枝減(jian)少,葉(xie)片變小;受害(hai)(hai)較(jiao)晚的(de)(de)植(zhi),癥狀不明顯(xian),僅頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)片變小,不表(biao)現萎(wei)蔫(nian)(nian)。病(bing)株萎(wei)蔫(nian)(nian)癥狀一(yi)般在生(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)期才顯(xian)著,自下(xia)(xia)而(er)上發(fa)展,首先下(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)片萎(wei)蔫(nian)(nian)下(xia)(xia)垂而(er)枯(ku)死。部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)片沿(yan)中脈向內卷曲,失水萎(wei)蔫(nian)(nian).葉(xie)色灰綠,植(zhi)株早(zao)枯(ku),葉(xie)片不脫落;如切斷莖稈(gan),用手擠壓。可(ke)見有乳(ru)白色粘(zhan)性的(de)(de)細菌(jun)自維(wei)管束(shu)溢出。病(bing)薯塊經過(guo)貯藏后(hou),薯皮變為(wei)褐色,病(bing)株薯尾(臍)部(bu)(bu)(bu)皺縮(suo)凹陷(xian),剖視內部(bu)(bu)(bu),維(wei)管束(shu)環變黃(huang)褐色,環腐部(bu)(bu)(bu)分也有黃(huang)色菌(jun)膿溢出。薯塊皮層與髓部(bu)(bu)(bu)易分離,外部(bu)(bu)(bu)表(biao)皮常出現龜裂,常致軟腐病(bing)菌(jun)二次侵染,使薯塊迅速腐爛。 防治方法: 1.選留無(wu)病(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu):可采用(yong)(yong)秋播留種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)辦法,選出(chu)適中(zhong)的(de)小(xiao)型塊(kuai)莖作種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)。北方產區(qu)應有計劃地建立無(wu)病(bing)留種(zhong)(zhong)田(tian),采用(yong)(yong)整薯(shu)(shu)播種(zhong)(zhong),生(sheng)育期(qi)間(jian)隨時拔除(chu)病(bing)株,保(bao)證收獲無(wu)病(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)。留種(zhong)(zhong)田(tian)先收,在收、選、晾和入窖過程中(zhong),嚴格進(jin)行挑選,剔除(chu)病(bing)薯(shu)(shu),去(qu)雜去(qu)劣(lie)。 2.播種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)種(zhong)(zhong)薯處理:①種(zhong)(zhong)薯出窖后進行(xing)(xing)晾種(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)催芽,剔除病薯.選用(yong)健薯;②進行(xing)(xing)整薯播種(zhong)(zhong),如需切(qie)(qie)塊(kuai)(kuai),切(qie)(qie)刀必須進行(xing)(xing)嚴格消毒(du),可(ke)用(yong)0.2%升(sheng)汞(gong)水、或(huo)0.1%高錳酸鉀(jia)液(ye)(ye)等浸漬.做(zuo)到切(qie)(qie)一塊(kuai)(kuai)消毒(du)1次;③藥(yao)劑(ji)處理種(zhong)(zhong)薯 用(yong)50%托布(bu)津可(ke)濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)500倍液(ye)(ye)或(huo)1000倍的升(sheng)汞(gong)水溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)浸泡種(zhong)(zhong)薯2小時,然后晾千播種(zhong)(zhong)。還可(ke)選用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)薯重(zhong)量(liang)的0.1-O.2%的敵克松加草木(mu)灰拌種(zhong)(zhong),均(jun)有良好(hao)防效。 3.及時拔除銷毀病(bing)株,以減少病(bing)源 4.安(an)全貯藏(zang) 種薯經過(guo)精選、單藏(zang)等工作。 以(yi)上是(shi)土豆環腐病(bing)防(fang)治方(fang)法,為了避免(mian)農作物的(de)減產,把土豆環腐病(bing)防(fang)治方(fang)法送給大家(jia),希望大家(jia)的(de)土豆產量都有(you)所提高,獲得更(geng)多(duo)的(de)經濟(ji)效益。如果還想了解更(geng)多(duo),可以(yi)到農業之友--土豆頻道,查看更(geng)多(duo)關(guan)于(yu)土豆的(de)信息。 |