支持各級農擔公司 專注農業經營發展

為貫徹落實黨(dang)中央(yang)、國務(wu)院決(jue)策(ce)部署，各級(ji)財(cai)政出資(zi)約620億元(yuan)，其中中央(yang)財(cai)政544億元(yuan)，支持國家(jia)和省級(ji)農(nong)(nong)業信(xin)(xin)貸擔(dan)保(bao)公(gong)司注資(zi)。經(jing)報國務(wu)院批準，國家(jia)農(nong)(nong)業信(xin)(xin)貸擔(dan)保(bao)聯(lian)盟有限責任公(gong)司（以下簡稱“國家(jia)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)公(gong)司”）于2016年5月成立，是全國農(nong)(nong)業信(xin)(xin)貸擔(dan)保(bao)體系在國家(jia)層面的實體機構。

省級層面，建(jian)立(li)33家(jia)省級農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)公司(si)，目(mu)前已設立(li)分支(zhi)機構521家(jia)，與(yu)地方政(zheng)府或其(qi)他(ta)金融機構合作(zuo)設立(li)1017家(jia)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)網點(dian)，基(ji)本實現對(dui)全(quan)國(guo)主要農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)覆蓋。同(tong)(tong)時，財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)會同(tong)(tong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村部(bu)、銀保(bao)(bao)(bao)監會，確(que)(que)立(li)了(le)地方先(xian)行、中央支(zhi)持、市場運(yun)作(zuo)、銀擔(dan)(dan)共贏(ying)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)體系建(jian)設原(yuan)則思路，并針對(dui)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)信貸擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)風險較(jiao)大，以及(ji)經營(ying)過程(cheng)中可能出現的(de)(de)(de)脫農(nong)(nong)、離農(nong)(nong)傾向等情況，加(jia)強指導、明確(que)(que)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)、強化要求、健全(quan)機制，要求政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)公司(si)必(bi)須(xu)專注于(yu)支(zhi)持農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)適度規模經營(ying)，不(bu)得(de)開展任何非農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，10萬-300萬元之間的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)不(bu)得(de)低于(yu)總(zong)擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)規模的(de)(de)(de)70%，在實現政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)聚焦的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時，也(ye)降低了(le)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)風險，確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)體系政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)職(zhi)能發揮和可持續運(yun)營(ying)。

推動財政支農創新 充分發揮市場機制

全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)信貸擔保(bao)體系是財(cai)政支農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)方式的創(chuang)新，是全國(guo)“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”政策體系的重要組成部分(fen)，是具有“財(cai)政+金(jin)融”“政府+市場”屬性特征的政策性金(jin)融工具，順應了我國(guo)傳統小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)經(jing)濟(ji)向現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營方式轉變的歷史趨勢，放大(da)了財(cai)政支農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)政策效應，有利(li)于促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)供給側結構性改革，助推鄉村振興(xing)戰略實(shi)施(shi)。

目前，全(quan)(quan)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)穩步(bu)推進(jin)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)銀擔(dan)等多(duo)方合作(zuo)，國家(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)公(gong)司與16家(jia)(jia)銀行(xing)(xing)總行(xing)(xing)簽署了(le)“總對(dui)總”戰略合作(zuo)協議(yi)，33家(jia)(jia)省級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)公(gong)司與450余家(jia)(jia)銀行(xing)(xing)建立了(le)合作(zuo)關系(xi)(xi)，與452個市(shi)縣級(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府簽訂了(le)合作(zuo)協議(yi)，積極探(tan)索設計出一(yi)批(pi)接地(di)氣、有特(te)色的(de)擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)業(ye)務(wu)模(mo)式。自2015年(nian)7月體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)組建至2019年(nian)1月末，全(quan)(quan)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)累計新增(zeng)擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)項目34.2萬個，金額1216.5億(yi)元(yuan)，相較于注(zhu)冊資(zi)(zi)本金，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策效(xiao)能放大了(le)2.23倍(bei)。2018年(nian)，在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)余額和(he)項目數大約(yue)分別(bie)占全(quan)(quan)國涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)融資(zi)(zi)擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)30%和(he)40%以上。全(quan)(quan)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費率一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)1%-1.5%之間。農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)服務(wu)對(dui)象、服務(wu)領域、目標(biao)任務(wu)與各級(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展規(gui)劃高度契合，在(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)銀擔(dan)多(duo)方合作(zuo)下，全(quan)(quan)國各地(di)紛紛涌現出一(yi)批(pi)擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)額過億(yi)元(yuan)的(de)市(shi)縣，農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)項目戶均規(gui)模(mo)36萬元(yuan)，10萬-300萬元(yuan)之間貸款(kuan)擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)占比達80.33%，充分體(ti)(ti)現了(le)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)適度規(gui)模(mo)經營(ying)的(de)支(zhi)持。農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)實踐初步(bu)表(biao)明，財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)金可(ke)以通過政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策性擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)方式，撬動銀行(xing)(xing)信貸和(he)社會資(zi)(zi)金支(zhi)持農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村發展。

2019年，全國農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)體系將繼(ji)續全方(fang)位(wei)拓展銀擔(dan)合作的(de)廣度(du)與(yu)深度(du)，在(zai)抓好風險防控(kong)的(de)前(qian)提下(xia)，做大擔(dan)保業(ye)務(wu)規模，推(tui)動(dong)適度(du)規模經(jing)營，積極解決農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村發展過程中面臨的(de)“融資難(nan)”“融資貴”問題，加(jia)速破解農(nong)(nong)村金融服務(wu)供需矛(mao)盾、助(zhu)力實施鄉村振興戰略。