談到套種的收成，武濤坦言，今年(nian)大蒜價(jia)格低，好在辣椒價(jia)格不錯，棉花收入(ru)(ru)穩定，統算下來，每畝地(di)還能有(you)6000多元的純收入(ru)(ru)。

武濤(tao)采用的種植(zhi)模(mo)(mo)式，是金鄉(xiang)近年來著力推(tui)(tui)廣的大(da)蒜棉(mian)花(hua)辣椒三(san)元間套(tao)作(zuo)和輪作(zuo)種植(zhi)制度，被當(dang)地(di)農(nong)民形象地(di)稱(cheng)為“兩白一紅”棉(mian)作(zuo)制度。據(ju)山(shan)東省農(nong)業廳副廳長褚瑞云介紹(shao)，近年來，在農(nong)業部棉(mian)花(hua)綠色高(gao)產創(chuang)建、山(shan)東省棉(mian)花(hua)耕作(zuo)制度創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)示范等項目的支持下，該(gai)技術模(mo)(mo)式推(tui)(tui)廣規(gui)模(mo)(mo)日(ri)益擴(kuo)大(da)，實現了棉(mian)區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的有(you)機統一，走出(chu)了一條生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產美(mei)(mei)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活美(mei)(mei)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態美(mei)(mei)的棉(mian)花(hua)產業“三(san)美(mei)(mei)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”發展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)路子。

棉蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作物互(hu)促(cu)共(gong)進實(shi)現“生(sheng)產(chan)美”。據了解(jie)，“兩白一(yi)紅”在(zai)金鄉(xiang)已有(you)(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)典型的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)模式(shi)。一(yi)是(shi)年度內(nei)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)棉椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)間(jian)套(tao)(tao)作種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)模式(shi)。該(gai)模式(shi)在(zai)傳(chuan)統(tong)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)棉套(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，在(zai)棉花(hua)行間(jian)條帶(dai)狀間(jian)作辣椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，頭年10月(yue)(yue)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)，第二年4月(yue)(yue)套(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棉花(hua)和辣椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)棉椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)共(gong)生(sheng)1個月(yue)(yue)左右(you)，大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)6月(yue)(yue)收(shou)獲(huo)，棉椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)間(jian)作共(gong)生(sheng)至10月(yue)(yue)初(chu)收(shou)獲(huo)。該(gai)模式(shi)可(ke)有(you)(you)效分解(jie)辣椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)單一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)市場風(feng)險和澇災絕(jue)產(chan)風(feng)險。二是(shi)年際(ji)間(jian)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)棉套(tao)(tao)作與蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)套(tao)(tao)作輪作的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。該(gai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)第一(yi)年采(cai)用大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)套(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辣椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，第二年采(cai)用大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)套(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棉花(hua)的(de)(de)倒茬(cha)(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，可(ke)有(you)(you)效解(jie)決辣椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)連年重茬(cha)(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)害(hai)重、品質下降的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。

綠色多樣性(xing)棉(mian)(mian)作(zuo)(zuo)制彰(zhang)顯(xian)“生(sheng)態(tai)美”。據山東省棉(mian)(mian)技站站長王(wang)桂峰介紹，實踐證明(ming)，蒜(suan)(suan)棉(mian)(mian)辣椒(jiao)間套作(zuo)(zuo)和輪作(zuo)(zuo)制度，生(sheng)態(tai)效益(yi)十分明(ming)顯(xian)：三種作(zuo)(zuo)物可實現“一(yi)(yi)肥兩(liang)(liang)用(yong)”“一(yi)(yi)水兩(liang)(liang)用(yong)”“一(yi)(yi)膜兩(liang)(liang)用(yong)”和“一(yi)(yi)藥兩(liang)(liang)用(yong)”，有利于(yu)農業(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)的保(bao)護；棉(mian)(mian)蒜(suan)(suan)椒(jiao)三者間生(sheng)理生(sheng)態(tai)優勢互(hu)補，構(gou)成共生(sheng)共進，協(xie)調發展的復合生(sheng)態(tai)群落。

“大蒜能殺(sha)菌治菌，減少了辣椒、棉花(hua)在整個生長過程中(zhong)的病蟲害發生。同時，棉花(hua)易(yi)吸(xi)附重(zhong)(zhong)金屬離子，對土壤重(zhong)(zhong)金屬污染的修復(fu)效(xiao)應顯著，這(zhe)對金鄉創建優質綠色(se)大蒜、辣椒市場品牌發揮(hui)了重(zhong)(zhong)要的支(zhi)撐(cheng)作(zuo)用。”王桂峰說。

產業效(xiao)益(yi)疊(die)加(jia)鑄就“生(sheng)活美”。一項技術(shu)模式的(de)(de)推廣(guang)對(dui)農民而言(yan)，最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)動力莫過于(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)增加(jia)。近年來，在(zai)全國糧食(shi)、棉花等大(da)(da)宗(zong)農產品價格種(zhong)植(zhi)效(xiao)益(yi)不穩(wen)的(de)(de)背(bei)景下(xia)，2017年金鄉大(da)(da)蒜套種(zhong)棉花、大(da)(da)蒜套種(zhong)辣椒、大(da)(da)蒜套種(zhong)棉花間作(zuo)辣椒，畝(mu)毛收入達到(dao)1萬(wan)元到(dao)1.3萬(wan)元左右，純收入也能(neng)達到(dao)7000元以(yi)上，管理(li)較好、出售(shou)適時的(de)(de)農戶(hu)每畝(mu)純收入在(zai)萬(wan)元以(yi)上。

金鄉縣(xian)農(nong)業(ye)局經作(zuo)站站長(chang)王(wang)乃(nai)建(jian)說(shuo)：“蒜棉(mian)椒(jiao)套種(zhong)(zhong)輪作(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)模式的(de)優(you)勢(shi)，有(you)效解決種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)棉(mian)花效益低，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)尖椒(jiao)不耐(nai)澇，風險(xian)(xian)大的(de)缺(que)點，三(san)者互補，降低生產(chan)和市場風險(xian)(xian)，提高收益，穩定面積，促進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)穩定發展。”

金(jin)鄉“兩(liang)白一紅”棉作制度，從2011年(nian)(nian)開始試驗示范，到2017年(nian)(nian)，短(duan)短(duan)6年(nian)(nian)時間(jian)，其種(zhong)植(zhi)面積從幾百畝逐步發展到近50萬畝，一舉(ju)成為金(jin)鄉及(ji)周邊的主導種(zhong)植(zhi)模式。

褚瑞云說，棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)改(gai)革是穩定山(shan)東(dong)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)生(sheng)產的(de)有效路徑。據他介紹，山(shan)東(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)為全國重(zhong)要的(de)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)生(sheng)產、消費和紡(fang)織品(pin)服裝出口(kou)大(da)省，近年來，全省植棉(mian)(mian)(mian)面積急劇下降，但魯西(xi)南(nan)蒜套(tao)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)區(qu)下滑幅(fu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)最慢。這充(chong)分說明，高效蒜套(tao)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)對穩定和發(fa)展(zhan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)生(sheng)產具有重(zhong)要作(zuo)(zuo)用。對此，山(shan)東(dong)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)創新應(ying)立足當地農業關聯產業發(fa)展(zhan)實(shi)際(ji)，因地制(zhi)(zhi)宜發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)種植模式(shi)。比(bi)如，魯西(xi)北棉(mian)(mian)(mian)區(qu)結(jie)合武城辣(la)椒(jiao)、蔬菜市(shi)場，重(zhong)點示(shi)范(fan)推廣(guang)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)與花(hua)生(sheng)、辣(la)椒(jiao)、馬鈴(ling)薯間套(tao)作(zuo)(zuo)種植模式(shi)；魯北鹽堿地棉(mian)(mian)(mian)區(qu)可以(yi)開展(zhan)農牧(mu)結(jie)合，重(zhong)點示(shi)范(fan)推廣(guang)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)西(xi)瓜、棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)飼料作(zuo)(zuo)物高粱間作(zuo)(zuo)種植模式(shi)等。