耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量監(jian)(jian)測是耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量保(bao)護與(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)的(de)重(zhong)要內容。我國耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量監(jian)(jian)測工(gong)(gong)作始于(yu)20世紀80年代，現有國家級(ji)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量長期定(ding)位監(jian)(jian)測點1344個，已連續15年發(fa)布耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量監(jian)(jian)測年度(du)報告，為各級(ji)政府制定(ding)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量保(bao)護與(yu)(yu)糧(liang)食安全(quan)政策、指導農業生產等提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了重(zhong)要決策支持。近日，由農業農村部修訂的(de)《耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量監(jian)(jian)測技(ji)術規(gui)程》（NY/T 1119-2019）正式發(fa)布，將有助(zhu)于(yu)全(quan)面提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)各級(ji)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量監(jian)(jian)測保(bao)護機構工(gong)(gong)作能力和(he)水平，助(zhu)力耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量保(bao)護事業持續健康發(fa)展。

據了解，本次標(biao)準(zhun)修訂(ding)工作重(zhong)點聚焦(jiao)監(jian)測點設置、監(jian)測功能區劃分、補充監(jian)測內(nei)容(rong)等(deng)3個(ge)方(fang)面，進一步規范了監(jian)測關鍵(jian)環(huan)節技術內(nei)容(rong)。

在監測(ce)(ce)點設置(zhi)方面，為保(bao)證監測(ce)(ce)點的(de)穩定性、監測(ce)(ce)數(shu)據的(de)連續(xu)性，要(yao)求綜合考慮土壤類型、種植制度、地力水平(ping)、耕(geng)地環境狀況和管(guan)理水平(ping)等(deng)因(yin)素，參考有關(guan)規(gui)劃(hua)將監測(ce)(ce)點設在永(yong)久基本農田保(bao)護(hu)區、糧食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)功能(neng)區、重要(yao)農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)保(bao)護(hu)區等(deng)有代表性的(de)地塊上，保(bao)障監測(ce)(ce)工作持(chi)續(xu)穩定開展(zhan)。

在監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)的劃分方面(mian)，提出建設監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)“三區(qu)(qu)(qu)四(si)情(qing)兩(liang)牌(pai)一網(wang)”模式，即自動監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)、耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)、培(pei)肥(fei)(fei)改良(liang)試驗(yan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)。其中，自動監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)配備田(tian)間(jian)管(guan)理(li)自動監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)設施設備，通過物(wu)聯網(wang)系(xi)統(tong)實(shi)現(xian)集中展示(shi)(shi)；耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)設置長期不施肥(fei)(fei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、當年不施肥(fei)(fei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、常規施肥(fei)(fei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)；培(pei)肥(fei)(fei)改良(liang)試驗(yan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)可因地(di)制宜設置培(pei)肥(fei)(fei)、改良(liang)、綜(zong)(zong)合治理(li)試驗(yan)。同(tong)時，為便于國(guo)家(jia)級耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)點的統(tong)一管(guan)理(li)與形象(xiang)展示(shi)(shi)，增(zeng)設了耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)點標識牌(pai)和展示(shi)(shi)牌(pai)式樣，介紹監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)點基本情(qing)況以及主推技術等(deng)內容。“三區(qu)(qu)(qu)四(si)情(qing)兩(liang)牌(pai)一網(wang)”模式，實(shi)現(xian)地(di)情(qing)、墑情(qing)、肥(fei)(fei)情(qing)、環情(qing)綜(zong)(zong)合監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)，達(da)到“一點多用，綜(zong)(zong)合服務”的目標。

在(zai)核心(xin)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)內容方面，緊扣耕(geng)(geng)地質(zhi)量(liang)概念(nian)，完善優(you)化(hua)耕(geng)(geng)地質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)指標(biao)體系，選擇能夠表示耕(geng)(geng)地地力、田(tian)間基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設施和土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)健康狀(zhuang)況3個方面的監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)指標(biao)，在(zai)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)耕(geng)(geng)地土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕(geng)(geng)層(ceng)厚度、容重、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)pH、有機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)、全氮(dan)、有效磷、速(su)效鉀等土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)理化(hua)指標(biao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上，補充監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)物理性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)指標(biao)（緊實度、水穩性(xing)(xing)大團聚體）、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)生物性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)指標(biao)（土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)微(wei)生物量(liang)碳(tan)、氮(dan)）和土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)健康指標(biao)（鉻、鎘、鉛、汞、砷、銅、鋅、鎳）。在(zai)此基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上，針對區域(yu)耕(geng)(geng)地質(zhi)量(liang)突出(chu)問題(ti)，在(zai)五年監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)內容中增加部分補充性(xing)(xing)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)指標(biao)，如陽離子交(jiao)換量(liang)、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)還原性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)總量(liang)等。要求土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)樣品送(song)具備相關檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)資質(zhi)的檢(jian)驗機(ji)(ji)構集(ji)中檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。

據(ju)了(le)解(jie)，下一步，農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村部(bu)將結合(he)《耕(geng)(geng)地(di)質量監(jian)測技術規程》的發布(bu)實(shi)(shi)施，做好標準(zhun)宣(xuan)貫和(he)培訓，進(jin)一步完善耕(geng)(geng)地(di)質量監(jian)測網(wang)絡(luo)，為促進(jin)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)資源永(yong)續利(li)用、實(shi)(shi)現(xian)新形勢下國家糧食安全和(he)“藏糧于地(di)、藏糧于技”戰略打下堅實(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎。