山茶(cha)花(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)茶(cha)梅(mei)，都(dou)是人們喜愛(ai)的庭院(yuan)和園林花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉。山茶(cha)花(hua)(hua)(hua)多呈亞灌木，也有(you)部(bu)分(fen)主干高達數米(mi)的喬木，花(hua)(hua)(hua)大艷麗。茶(cha)梅(mei)較之山茶(cha)花(hua)(hua)(hua)要矮小(xiao)而(er)多呈灌木，其(qi)葉似茶(cha)，其(qi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)較小(xiao)而(er)似梅(mei)。無論山茶(cha)花(hua)(hua)(hua)或茶(cha)梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)色都(dou)有(you)紅(hong)、粉紅(hong)、白(bai)(bai)及紅(hong)白(bai)(bai)相(xiang)(xiang)間等品種(zhong)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣均(jun)有(you)套瓣和半重瓣、多瓣等。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)都(dou)較長(chang)，從當年(nian)10月至翌(yi)年(nian)4月都(dou)可見各類茶(cha)花(hua)(hua)(hua)競(jing)相(xiang)(xiang)依次盛開(kai)。 

山(shan)茶花(hua)(hua)(hua)與茶梅(mei)均屬(shu)亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)、溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)樹種(zhong)。在(zai)溫(wen)暖濕(shi)潤(run)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長良(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，高熱(re)(re)酷暑及(ji)嚴(yan)寒冰凍季(ji)節生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長緩慢甚至停止。養好(hao)(hao)(hao)山(shan)茶和(he)(he)茶梅(mei)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵是(shi)疏松透(tou)氣(qi)性(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)微酸性(xing)有機質豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)壤土(tu)(tu)。重粘(zhan)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)及(ji)堿性(xing)土(tu)(tu)均不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)適宜(yi)。 山(shan)茶和(he)(he)茶梅(mei)都喜陰濕(shi)半遮陽的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)，烈日(ri)直曬會(hui)灼傷葉(xie)和(he)(he)芽，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)烈日(ri)下(xia)(xia)過(guo)濕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)栽(zai)(zai)或(huo)雨后受烈日(ri)照(zhao)射的(de)(de)(de)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)會(hui)因(yin)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)(tu)過(guo)濕(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)透(tou)氣(qi)而(er)驟熱(re)(re)升高燙(tang)傷根系致盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)死亡。無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)栽(zai)(zai)或(huo)地(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)均不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得積(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，較長期積(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)也會(hui)漚(ou)根致植株死亡。 盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)栽(zai)(zai)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)(zai)雖(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)積(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，但(dan)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)夏(xia)秋酷熱(re)(re)期應早澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)以積(ji)(ji)存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)最好(hao)(hao)(hao)，山(shan)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)河塘水(shui)(shui)(shui)次之，自(zi)來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)則應在(zai)陽光(guang)(guang)下(xia)(xia)存(cun)(cun)放3天(tian)至5天(tian)再用(yong)。澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)應澆透(tou)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)澆“摸面(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)”。衡量(liang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)(tu)濕(shi)潤(run)的(de)(de)(de)簡單方(fang)法是(shi)：抓一把盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)(tu)手(shou)握能(neng)成團(tuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滴(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，輕拋地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)能(neng)散開為(wei)宜(yi)。澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)一般(ban)用(yong)細孔灑水(shui)(shui)(shui)壺順葉(xie)面(mian)往下(xia)(xia)澆。盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)還可用(yong)“盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)浸法”，即把盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)放在(zai)盛好(hao)(hao)(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)大桶或(huo)大盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)中(zhong)(zhong)，使水(shui)(shui)(shui)從盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)底下(xia)(xia)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)孔上溢。此法不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易板結土(tu)(tu)壤，且盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)(tu)能(neng)充分濕(shi)潤(run)。還可把花(hua)(hua)(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)下(xia)(xia)半部埋入庭(ting)院樹蔭下(xia)(xia)泥土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)，便于(yu)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)(tu)與地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)氣(qi)溫(wen)連(lian)通。澆花(hua)(hua)(hua)時連(lian)同花(hua)(hua)(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)周(zhou)圍泥地(di)(di)(di)澆濕(shi)，濕(shi)潤(run)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然小氣(qi)候利于(yu)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。