金針菇的母菌種質量 

金針菇(gu)的(de)(de)(de)產量(liang)高低，與(yu)引進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)母菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang)好壞關系很(hen)大。正常(chang)金針菇(gu)母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)絲應(ying)該(gai)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)整齊(qi)，呈(cheng)現(xian)淡(dan)白色或較(jiao)濃白色，菌(jun)絲長(chang)(chang)(chang)滿(man)后(hou)應(ying)該(gai)呈(cheng)現(xian)白色，菌(jun)絲較(jiao)纖細。在(zai)保(bao)存(cun)母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時應(ying)該(gai)在(zai)菌(jun)絲快要長(chang)(chang)(chang)滿(man)時放入冰箱，不(bu)要待(dai)母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)菌(jun)絲完全長(chang)(chang)(chang)滿(man)后(hou)才低溫保(bao)存(cun)。若待(dai)母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)菌(jun)絲完全長(chang)(chang)(chang)滿(man)后(hou)才低溫保(bao)存(cun)，極易使母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)低溫環境下快速現(xian)蕾(lei)，導致(zhi)母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)失去使用價值。在(zai)擴(kuo)繁(fan)母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時應(ying)該(gai)選用沒有現(xian)蕾(lei)的(de)(de)(de)母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，如果母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)蕾(lei)，應(ying)該(gai)選用沒有開傘(san)的(de)(de)(de)小菇(gu)蕾(lei)，完全開傘(san)的(de)(de)(de)母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)該(gai)堅決(jue)棄之不(bu)用，否則可能引起金針菇(gu)產量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)大幅度降(jiang)低。

金針菇的原菌種消毒滅菌 

金(jin)針菇的(de)(de)原種制作可(ke)以采用(yong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)和常壓(ya)(ya)(ya)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)一般采用(yong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鍋(guo)，很(hen)多菇農在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)方面存在認識上的(de)(de)誤區，認為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力越(yue)(yue)高、滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)時(shi)(shi)間越(yue)(yue)長(chang)(chang)越(yue)(yue)好。其實(shi)不(bu)然，高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)的(de)(de)關鍵在于鍋(guo)體(ti)內的(de)(de)冷空氣(qi)是否排盡。正確的(de)(de)做法是在加熱開始(shi)就(jiu)將高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鍋(guo)的(de)(de)放氣(qi)閥(fa)打開，待鍋(guo)內水沸熱氣(qi)大量(liang)從放氣(qi)閥(fa)排出時(shi)(shi)開始(shi)計(ji)時(shi)(shi)，小鍋(guo)維持(chi)10-15分(fen)(fen)鐘，較大鍋(guo)維持(chi)20-30分(fen)(fen)鐘，然后關閉放氣(qi)閥(fa)，待升到1.5個壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強時(shi)(shi)維持(chi)90分(fen)(fen)鐘即可(ke)達到要求。常壓(ya)(ya)(ya)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)是目前(qian)菇農普遍(bian)采用(yong)的(de)(de)方式(shi)，如果采用(yong)玻(bo)璃(li)瓶制作菌(jun)種，滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間可(ke)以稍(shao)短(duan)，如果采用(yong)塑料袋制作菌(jun)種，并且常壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鍋(guo)內沒有隔層，那(nei)么滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間就(jiu)應該適當(dang)延長(chang)(chang)，總的(de)(de)原則是時(shi)(shi)間寧長(chang)(chang)勿短(duan)。

金針菇的菌種鑒別 

原(yuan)種的質(zhi)(zhi)量原(yuan)種的質(zhi)(zhi)量好(hao)壞一般從菌(jun)絲(si)(si)上判(pan)斷，質(zhi)(zhi)量好(hao)的原(yuan)種菌(jun)絲(si)(si)濃白，氣生菌(jun)絲(si)(si)明顯，打開后(hou)有(you)(you)明顯的蘑菇香味。若打開后(hou)有(you)(you)異味，菌(jun)絲(si)(si)黃(huang)白萎縮，應堅決(jue)棄之不用(yong)(yong)。在氣溫較低的季(ji)節，有(you)(you)的原(yuan)種表面可(ke)能會有(you)(you)菇蕾，這類原(yuan)種的質(zhi)(zhi)量沒有(you)(you)問題，可(ke)以繼續使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。如(ru)果用(yong)(yong)玉米粒作原(yuan)種，在原(yuan)種頂(ding)部及側面可(ke)能會出(chu)現(xian)爆花現(xian)象，經驗證(zheng)明，這種原(yuan)種一般是產量高而穩定的好(hao)原(yuan)種，可(ke)以放心大膽(dan)地使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。

提倡用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)級(ji)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)菌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可以做如下分級(ji)：母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是一(yi)級(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖(zhi)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)菇(gu)(gu)的(de)菌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是二(er)級(ji)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)級(ji)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖(zhi)的(de)菌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為三級(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。經驗證(zheng)明，用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)級(ji)母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖(zhi)的(de)二(er)級(ji)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)直接(jie)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)菇(gu)(gu)，菌絲(si)發育(yu)良(liang)好(hao)，成功率(lv)高，污(wu)(wu)染率(lv)低，后期的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)菇(gu)(gu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)明顯高、質量(liang)明顯好(hao)。而用(yong)(yong)(yong)三級(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)菇(gu)(gu)，其(qi)(qi)各方(fang)(fang)面的(de)表現都(dou)明顯不(bu)如前者。究(jiu)其(qi)(qi)原(yuan)因，一(yi)是一(yi)級(ji)母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)純化(hua)程度(du)很高，菌齡很短，一(yi)般(ban)10天左(zuo)右即可長成，沒有(you)隱性(xing)污(wu)(wu)染，不(bu)存(cun)在老化(hua)情況，用(yong)(yong)(yong)它接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)二(er)級(ji)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)菌齡一(yi)致，再(zai)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)菇(gu)(gu)，效果自然很好(hao)；二(er)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)級(ji)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)再(zai)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三級(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時，如果挑(tiao)選不(bu)嚴(yan)(yan)，極(ji)有(you)可能(neng)(neng)選入帶有(you)細(xi)菌等(deng)隱性(xing)污(wu)(wu)染的(de)菌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，極(ji)有(you)可能(neng)(neng)造成細(xi)菌性(xing)污(wu)(wu)染的(de)擴大化(hua)，嚴(yan)(yan)重影響金(jin)(jin)(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)菇(gu)(gu)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)。因此在這里建議廣大菇(gu)(gu)農采用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)級(ji)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。