一、金針菇母種的選擇：

金(jin)針菇的(de)產量(liang)高低(di)，與引進(jin)的(de)母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang)好壞(huai)關(guan)系很大。正常母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)菌(jun)絲(si)應(ying)該(gai)生長整(zheng)齊，呈(cheng)現(xian)淡白(bai)(bai)(bai)色或較濃白(bai)(bai)(bai)色，菌(jun)絲(si)長滿后應(ying)該(gai)呈(cheng)現(xian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)色，菌(jun)絲(si)較纖細。在(zai)保(bao)存母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)應(ying)該(gai)在(zai)菌(jun)絲(si)快要長滿時(shi)放入冰箱(xiang)，不要待母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)菌(jun)絲(si)完(wan)(wan)全長滿后才低(di)溫保(bao)存。若待母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)菌(jun)絲(si)完(wan)(wan)全長滿后才低(di)溫保(bao)存，極(ji)易使母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)低(di)溫環境(jing)下快速現(xian)蕾，導致母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)失去使用(yong)價值。在(zai)擴繁(fan)母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)應(ying)該(gai)選(xuan)用(yong)沒有(you)現(xian)蕾的(de)母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)，如果母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)蕾，應(ying)該(gai)選(xuan)用(yong)沒有(you)開傘(san)的(de)小菇蕾，完(wan)(wan)全開傘(san)的(de)母(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)該(gai)堅決棄之(zhi)不用(yong)，否則可能引起金(jin)針菇產量(liang)的(de)大幅度降低(di)。

二、金針菇原種的消毒和滅菌：

金(jin)針菇(gu)的原種制作(zuo)(zuo)可以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)高壓滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)和(he)常(chang)壓滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)。高壓滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)一般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)高壓鍋(guo)，很多菇(gu)農在高壓滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)方面(mian)存在認識上的誤區(qu)，認為壓力越高、滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)越長(chang)越好。其實不(bu)然，高壓滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)的關(guan)鍵在于(yu)鍋(guo)體(ti)內的冷空氣(qi)是否排(pai)盡。正確的做(zuo)法是在加熱開(kai)始(shi)(shi)就將高壓鍋(guo)的放氣(qi)閥打開(kai)，待(dai)(dai)鍋(guo)內水沸熱氣(qi)大量從放氣(qi)閥排(pai)出時(shi)(shi)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)計時(shi)(shi)，小鍋(guo)維(wei)持10-15分鐘，較大鍋(guo)維(wei)持20-30分鐘，然后關(guan)閉(bi)放氣(qi)閥，待(dai)(dai)升到1.5個壓強(qiang)時(shi)(shi)維(wei)持90分鐘即可達到要求(qiu)。常(chang)壓滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)是目前菇(gu)農普遍采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的方式(shi)，如果采(cai)(cai)用(yong)玻璃瓶制作(zuo)(zuo)菌(jun)種，滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)可以稍短，如果采(cai)(cai)用(yong)塑料袋制作(zuo)(zuo)菌(jun)種，并且常(chang)壓鍋(guo)內沒有隔層(ceng)，那么滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)就應該適當延(yan)長(chang)，總的原則是時(shi)(shi)間(jian)寧長(chang)勿短。

三、金針菇菌種的鑒別：

原種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)原種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)壞(huai)一(yi)般從菌絲上判斷，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)原種(zhong)(zhong)菌絲濃白，氣生菌絲明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)，打開后有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)蘑(mo)菇(gu)香味。若打開后有(you)(you)異味，菌絲黃白萎縮，應堅決棄之不用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)氣溫較(jiao)低的(de)(de)季節，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)原種(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)面可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)菇(gu)蕾(lei)，這(zhe)類原種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)沒有(you)(you)問題，可(ke)以繼續(xu)使用(yong)(yong)。如果(guo)用(yong)(yong)玉米粒作原種(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)原種(zhong)(zhong)頂(ding)部(bu)及側面可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)(hui)出現爆花(hua)現象，經驗(yan)證明(ming)(ming)(ming)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)原種(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般是產量(liang)(liang)高而穩定的(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)原種(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)以放心大膽(dan)地(di)使用(yong)(yong)。四、金針菇(gu)菌種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)分級及選擇：

母種(zhong)(zhong)是一級種(zhong)(zhong)，用母種(zhong)(zhong)繁殖的菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)是二(er)級原種(zhong)(zhong)，再用二(er)級原種(zhong)(zhong)繁殖的菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)稱之為(wei)三級生(sheng)產(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)。經(jing)驗證明(ming)(ming)，用一級母種(zhong)(zhong)繁殖的二(er)級原種(zhong)(zhong)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)金(jin)針(zhen)菇(gu)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲發育良好，成功率(lv)高，污染率(lv)低，后期(qi)的金(jin)針(zhen)菇(gu)產(chan)量明(ming)(ming)顯高、質量明(ming)(ming)顯好。而用三級生(sheng)產(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)金(jin)針(zhen)菇(gu)，其各(ge)方(fang)面的表(biao)現都(dou)明(ming)(ming)顯不(bu)如前者(zhe)。

原因(yin)：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)級母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的純化程度很(hen)高，菌(jun)齡很(hen)短(duan)，一(yi)(yi)般10天左右(you)即可長成(cheng)，沒有隱性(xing)(xing)污染(ran)(ran)，不存在老(lao)化情況，用(yong)它接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的二(er)(er)級原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)菌(jun)齡一(yi)(yi)致，再接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生產金(jin)針(zhen)菇，效果自然(ran)很(hen)好；二(er)(er)是(shi)用(yong)二(er)(er)級原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)再接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)級生產種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時，如果挑選不嚴(yan)，極(ji)(ji)有可能選入帶有細(xi)菌(jun)等隱性(xing)(xing)污染(ran)(ran)的菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，極(ji)(ji)有可能造(zao)成(cheng)細(xi)菌(jun)性(xing)(xing)污染(ran)(ran)的擴(kuo)大化，嚴(yan)重影響金(jin)針(zhen)菇的產量。因(yin)此在這(zhe)里建議(yi)廣大菇農(nong)采用(yong)二(er)(er)級原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生產的方式。