“農業文化(hua)遺(yi)產”概念于2002年由聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)糧農組(zu)織提出(chu)，旨(zhi)在建立全球重要農業遺(yi)產及與其相(xiang)關的(de)(de)景觀(guan)、生物多(duo)樣性、知識和文化(hua)保護體(ti)系。聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)糧農組(zu)織指出(chu)，“這些(xie)系統與景觀(guan)具有豐富(fu)的(de)(de)生物多(duo)樣性，而且(qie)可以滿(man)足當地社(she)會經濟(ji)與文化(hua)發(fa)展的(de)(de)需要，有利于促進區(qu)域可持續(xu)(xu)發(fa)展，使之成為(wei)可持續(xu)(xu)管理的(de)(de)基(ji)礎”。此后，世界(jie)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)開始積極(ji)發(fa)掘(jue)本國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)農業文化(hua)遺(yi)產。

中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業大國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)耕文(wen)明(ming)歷史悠久，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)遺存分布廣泛。2004年，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)族民(min)間文(wen)化(hua)保(bao)護工程中(zhong)(zhong)專門(men)設立“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)保(bao)護項(xiang)目(mu)”。2013年起，“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)”評(ping)選工作正(zheng)式(shi)開展(zhan)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成為世界上第(di)(di)一個(ge)建立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)遴選與保(bao)護機制的國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)。截至(zhi)目(mu)前，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)經公布了(le)五(wu)批“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)”，共計118個(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)入(ru)選。世界范(fan)圍內進入(ru)聯合國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)糧農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)組織“全(quan)球(qiu)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)”名錄的項(xiang)目(mu)已(yi)達50個(ge)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共有15個(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)列入(ru)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，位居世界第(di)(di)一。

延續農(nong)業文化的自然環境(jing)與人文環境(jing)

保(bao)護(hu)農(nong)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產，實質上就是(shi)保(bao)護(hu)那些(xie)優秀的復合農(nong)業(ye)生態系統，延續農(nong)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)的自然(ran)環(huan)境與人文(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)境，最終實現文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、社會(hui)、生態和(he)經(jing)濟的可持續發展。其價值(zhi)與意(yi)義具(ju)體如下(xia)：

助力(li)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略實(shi)施。2019年(nian)中(zhong)央一(yi)號(hao)文(wen)(wen)件指出，要(yao)“切(qie)實(shi)保護好(hao)優秀(xiu)農(nong)耕(geng)文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)，推(tui)動優秀(xiu)農(nong)耕(geng)文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)合(he)理(li)適度利用”。讓農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)“活(huo)”起(qi)來、“火”起(qi)來，對決(jue)戰(zhan)脫貧攻堅、實(shi)施鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意(yi)義。以(yi)中(zhong)國于(yu)2005年(nian)6月第(di)一(yi)個列入首批“全球重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)”的浙江青田(tian)稻(dao)(dao)魚(yu)共生(sheng)系(xi)(xi)統為例，青田(tian)縣(xian)通(tong)過對稻(dao)(dao)魚(yu)共生(sheng)系(xi)(xi)統、傳統農(nong)耕(geng)生(sheng)產(chan)方式(shi)、“青田(tian)魚(yu)燈”等民(min)俗(su)活(huo)動及自(zi)然景觀的保護與利用，帶(dai)動了休(xiu)閑(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與觀光農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展。更重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的是(shi)，有(you)機無公害的稻(dao)(dao)魚(yu)共生(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)得以(yi)推(tui)廣，青田(tian)稻(dao)(dao)魚(yu)米和(he)青田(tian)田(tian)魚(yu)在市場上的認可度越來越高。近年(nian)來，青田(tian)稻(dao)(dao)魚(yu)共生(sheng)系(xi)(xi)統這一(yi)品牌每年(nian)給當地(di)帶(dai)來總(zong)產(chan)值2億元以(yi)上，實(shi)現了農(nong)民(min)增收，有(you)力(li)推(tui)進了當地(di)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興。據中(zhong)南大學中(zhong)國村(cun)落(luo)文(wen)(wen)化研(yan)究中(zhong)心調研(yan)顯示，我(wo)國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)資源很大一(yi)部分(fen)位于(yu)國家扶貧工(gong)作重(zhong)(zhong)點縣(xian)、重(zhong)(zhong)點村(cun)，不(bu)僅自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境良(liang)好(hao)，而且(qie)民(min)俗(su)文(wen)(wen)化多樣(yang)、人文(wen)(wen)景觀豐富，如果得到善(shan)待和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)視，可以(yi)有(you)力(li)推(tui)動當地(di)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略的實(shi)施。

保護(hu)(hu)物種和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的多樣性。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個系統而非單一項(xiang)目，其保護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象(xiang)涵蓋了家(jia)禽(qin)家(jia)畜、農(nong)(nong)耕(geng)(geng)作物、生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式、生(sheng)活習俗、鄉村景觀等(deng)多種類(lei)型(xing)。無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)項(xiang)目設置(zhi)的初衷還是(shi)(shi)(shi)效果來(lai)看，保護(hu)(hu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)都(dou)有(you)利于(yu)保護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)物、生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的多樣性。以湖(hu)南(nan)新化(hua)(hua)紫(zi)鵲(que)界(jie)梯田為例，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)首(shou)批“中國重要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)”，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)“全球重要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)”和(he)(he)“世界(jie)灌(guan)溉工程遺(yi)產(chan)”。由于(yu)獨(du)特的自然環境(jing)，當(dang)地出產(chan)“紫(zi)香貢(gong)(gong)米”“紫(zi)貢(gong)(gong)黑米”、紫(zi)鵲(que)界(jie)“紅米”“貢(gong)(gong)茶”等(deng)大量原生(sheng)物種。千百(bai)年來(lai)，苗(miao)、瑤、侗、漢等(deng)多民(min)族在這里繁衍生(sheng)息，南(nan)方(fang)稻作文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)苗(miao)瑤山(shan)地漁獵文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交融互補，山(shan)歌、祭祀、儺(nuo)戲、耕(geng)(geng)作、狩(shou)獵等(deng)各(ge)種習俗至(zhi)今仍散發著古樸神秘的氣息。該地依靠森(sen)林植被(bei)(bei)、土壤(rang)、田埂等(deng)形成儲水(shui)(shui)保水(shui)(shui)系統，更是(shi)(shi)(shi)憑借獨(du)樹一幟(zhi)的基巖(yan)裂隙孔(kong)隙水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源，構成了幾十萬畝灌(guan)溉工程景觀。被(bei)(bei)列入“中國重要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)”“全球重要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)”保護(hu)(hu)名(ming)錄(lu)之后，又促使(shi)當(dang)地政府、民(min)眾和(he)(he)社會各(ge)界(jie)對(dui)其特質(zhi)資源更加重視，使(shi)其愈加呈現出頑強的生(sheng)命(ming)力。

促進人(ren)與(yu)自然和(he)(he)諧共處。在(zai)漫長(chang)的(de)農(nong)耕(geng)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，中(zhong)華民(min)族繁衍生(sheng)息，通過種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)結合、循環利(li)用(yong)、水(shui)旱輪作、使(shi)用(yong)有機肥(fei)(fei)等傳統(tong)農(nong)業(ye)耕(geng)作技術(shu)，保持(chi)(chi)了(le)土(tu)地(di)的(de)可持(chi)(chi)續性生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，創造出了(le)獨具特色的(de)中(zhong)華農(nong)耕(geng)文化(hua)。很多(duo)農(nong)田使(shi)用(yong)了(le)上千年(nian)，土(tu)地(di)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力還能維(wei)持(chi)(chi)長(chang)盛(sheng)不(bu)衰，其中(zhong)很重要(yao)的(de)原(yuan)因，就是使(shi)用(yong)的(de)肥(fei)(fei)料是草木灰和(he)(he)人(ren)畜排(pai)泄物混合而成的(de)有機肥(fei)(fei)，土(tu)地(di)不(bu)會(hui)污(wu)染和(he)(he)板結。例如(ru)，在(zai)貴州從(cong)江地(di)區的(de)農(nong)村，當地(di)農(nong)民(min)“種(zhong)植一季稻(dao)、放養(yang)(yang)一批(pi)魚(yu)(yu)、飼養(yang)(yang)一批(pi)鴨(ya)”，形成了(le)“稻(dao)魚(yu)(yu)鴨(ya)種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)殖復合系(xi)統(tong)”。稻(dao)田為(wei)魚(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)鴨(ya)提供(gong)了(le)豐富餌料，魚(yu)(yu)、鴨(ya)則為(wei)稻(dao)田清除(chu)蟲害和(he)(he)雜草，減少了(le)農(nong)藥的(de)使(shi)用(yong)；反過來，魚(yu)(yu)、鴨(ya)的(de)糞便(bian)又(you)為(wei)水(shui)稻(dao)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)提供(gong)有機肥(fei)(fei)料，減少了(le)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)。人(ren)與(yu)自然協同進化(hua)、動態適應，對今天的(de)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)仍然具有重要(yao)的(de)參(can)考(kao)意義(yi)。

激發鄉土(tu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)(huo)(huo)力。農業文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)是傳統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)現(xian)代文(wen)(wen)明對話的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要載體(ti)(ti)，在民(min)族精(jing)神、地域環(huan)境、歷史文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)續(xu)中顯現(xian)，構建了(le)物質(zhi)與(yu)精(jing)神、自然與(yu)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)等多維辯證(zheng)關系(xi)。作為活(huo)(huo)(huo)態(tai)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)，它既(ji)是傳統(tong)鄉土(tu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)核心價值(zhi)依附的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本，也是當代社會不可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)組成部分。促進(jin)農業文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)可(ke)持續(xu)發展，既(ji)要確保農業文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)地始終有原住民(min)居住活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)，又要讓他們在不破壞原有生態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下獲得文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)紅利，提高生活(huo)(huo)(huo)水平。對此，要整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)性(xing)保護(hu)好農業文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)，進(jin)一步激發鄉土(tu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)(huo)(huo)力。

實施整體性保護，讓農業文化遺產潤澤中華

以(yi)設(she)(she)立(li)農業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區為(wei)抓手，對傳(chuan)統農業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)實施整體性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。繼續分階(jie)段有(you)步驟(zou)開展全國農業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)專(zhuan)項(xiang)摸底普查(cha)工作(zuo)(zuo)，加大投(tou)入力度，使相(xiang)關(guan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區列為(wei)“中國重(zhong)要(yao)農業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)”保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)項(xiang)目以(yi)及“全球重(zhong)要(yao)農業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)”保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)項(xiang)目。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，既要(yao)將和(he)傳(chuan)統農業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)休戚與(yu)共(gong)的田地、水系(xi)、山林等(deng)自然環境(jing)以(yi)及構成農耕(geng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)區有(you)機整體的房屋(wu)、道(dao)(dao)路(lu)、交通等(deng)人文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設(she)(she)施與(yu)景觀列為(wei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)對象(xiang)，更要(yao)將農業(ye)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)技(ji)術、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經驗、勞動工具、精神信(xin)仰和(he)特有(you)農作(zuo)(zuo)物品(pin)種與(yu)生物資源(yuan)，以(yi)及因農業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)而形成的風俗習(xi)慣、道(dao)(dao)德價值觀念等(deng)活態(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)納入保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)規劃，強調(diao)農業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的整體性(xing)、動態(tai)性(xing)、適應(ying)性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)管理(li)。

以農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)為核心，建(jian)立(li)(li)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)有效(xiao)模式和(he)(he)(he)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)體(ti)系。為確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)工作(zuo)形成長(chang)效(xiao)嚴格的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)機制(zhi)(zhi)，國家應(ying)出臺(tai)切實可行(xing)的(de)一(yi)攬子農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)管理辦法(fa)。管理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)應(ying)突出“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)為重、活態(tai)(tai)傳承、平衡(heng)利益、發(fa)展民(min)生(sheng)”理念(nian)，明確(que)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區的(de)范圍和(he)(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)準；對劃(hua)定或(huo)確(que)立(li)(li)為農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區的(de)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地，在給予(yu)必要(yao)資金支持的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，制(zhi)(zhi)定相應(ying)的(de)評價(jia)、監(jian)督、檢查和(he)(he)(he)評估標(biao)(biao)準；建(jian)立(li)(li)以農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文化(hua)(hua)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、耕種(zhong)技(ji)術保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)景觀保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、人(ren)文生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、生(sheng)物多樣性保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)(he)社(she)會經(jing)濟發(fa)展為評估依據的(de)指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系；劃(hua)定遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)開發(fa)利用的(de)“紅線”，從制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)上(shang)杜絕為發(fa)展地方經(jing)濟而對遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)文化(hua)(hua)造成破(po)壞(huai)的(de)可能性。以保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地農(nong)民(min)基(ji)本利益為前(qian)提(ti)，建(jian)立(li)(li)合理的(de)共享機制(zhi)(zhi)，鼓勵農(nong)戶沿用傳統耕種(zhong)技(ji)術與(yu)方式。建(jian)立(li)(li)傳統農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術培訓(xun)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，提(ti)高遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地農(nong)戶傳承文化(hua)(hua)的(de)自覺意識(shi)。

因地(di)制(zhi)宜，充分利用(yong)(yong)好資源優(you)(you)勢。充分利用(yong)(yong)我國(guo)農業(ye)文化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)的(de)(de)資源優(you)(you)勢，將(jiang)其有(you)度有(you)效地(di)納入鄉村振興(xing)和(he)旅(lv)(lv)游扶貧之中，保護與利用(yong)(yong)并重并用(yong)(yong)，充分發揮其效益。在具體實施中，必須以(yi)(yi)農業(ye)文化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)有(you)效保護為(wei)前提，以(yi)(yi)遺(yi)產(chan)地(di)農戶(hu)為(wei)主要參與主體，以(yi)(yi)提高當地(di)農戶(hu)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)收入與生(sheng)活質量(liang)為(wei)目標(biao)，將(jiang)“發揮優(you)(you)勢，揚長避短”作為(wei)文化(hua)資源轉化(hua)的(de)(de)基本原則，以(yi)(yi)農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)鄉村旅(lv)(lv)游為(wei)中心，依據(ju)產(chan)業(ye)間(jian)關聯(lian)性，通過一系(xi)列(lie)產(chan)業(ye)措施和(he)運作機制(zhi)，使遺(yi)產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)發展潛力得到釋放、生(sheng)存環境(jing)得到優(you)(you)化(hua)、人(ren)民生(sheng)活水(shui)平不(bu)斷(duan)提高，從(cong)而真正將(jiang)優(you)(you)質資源轉化(hua)為(wei)文化(hua)紅利。

建(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)全政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)導下的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)生態(tai)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)機制(zhi)，持續提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)生態(tai)服務功(gong)能(neng)。當前，我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)尚處于初始(shi)階段，生態(tai)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金需求很大(da)，建(jian)(jian)議國家和(he)(he)省區(qu)(qu)市財政(zheng)(zheng)部門統籌財力(li)，增(zeng)加農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)專(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金預算額度。應(ying)建(jian)(jian)立(li)以中(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)為(wei)主(zhu)、省區(qu)(qu)市地方間(jian)橫(heng)向(xiang)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)為(wei)輔的(de)(de)(de)生態(tai)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)機制(zhi)，發揮政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)生態(tai)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體和(he)(he)主(zhu)導作用，確保(bao)(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)投入力(li)度與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)生態(tai)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)任務相適(shi)應(ying)。建(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)全農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)多(duo)(duo)規(gui)劃銜接、多(duo)(duo)部門協調的(de)(de)(de)長效機制(zhi)，整合目標相近、方向(xiang)類同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)(bao)專(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金和(he)(he)涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金。以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)平(ping)臺，把保(bao)(bao)護(hu)專(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金、文(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)(bao)專(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金和(he)(he)相關涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金捆綁(bang)集中(zhong)(zhong)使用。在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)開(kai)發利用中(zhong)(zhong)，地方政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)可(ke)以根(gen)據“誰(shui)受益、誰(shui)付(fu)費”的(de)(de)(de)原則，積極開(kai)辟新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金渠道(dao)，探索項(xiang)目、政(zheng)(zheng)策、資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金、人才智(zhi)力(li)、技術、實物等多(duo)(duo)種生態(tai)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)方式。增(zeng)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)地生態(tai)涵養區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)“造(zao)(zao)血(xue)”功(gong)能(neng)，實現“輸血(xue)式”補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)與“造(zao)(zao)血(xue)式”補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)并(bing)重(zhong)并(bing)舉(ju)。

聯合國(guo)糧農組織指出，農業文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)“不是關于過去的(de)而(er)是關乎人類未來的(de)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)”。中國(guo)農業文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)是活(huo)態(tai)傳承的(de)物質文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)與非物質文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)資源(yuan)(yuan)，對我(wo)們當下的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了深遠影(ying)響，也必將作(zuo)用(yong)于子孫后代。我(wo)們應(ying)充分利用(yong)農業文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)資源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)勢，將其納(na)入國(guo)家(jia)發展(zhan)大局中，堅持保護與利用(yong)并重(zhong)，讓這些寶貴(gui)財富潤(run)澤(ze)中華。